Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is a leading cause of death globally. The most common types of cardiovascular disease are:
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels that can cause a heart attack. This happens when plaque builds up inside the arteries, narrowing them.
- Heart Failure - when the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. This can lead to fluid buildup in lungs or swelling in legs/feet.
- Arrhythmia - irregular heartbeat that can be too fast, too slow, or erratic. This interrupts blood flow.
- Heart Valve Problems - valves control blood flow in/out of heart chambers. Problems like narrowing or leaky valves disrupt blood flow.
There are various root causes and risk factors for CVD:
- High blood pressure
- High LDL cholesterol
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Unhealthy diet
- Excessive alcohol use
- Stress
- Genetic factors
Many forms of cardiovascular disease can be prevented by living a healthy lifestyle:
- Eat a heart-healthy diet high in fruits/veggies, whole grains, lean protein. Limit saturated/trans fats, salt, added sugar, processed foods.
- Be physically active for 30 minutes most days.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Manage conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
- Don't smoke.
- Limit alcohol.
- Manage stress.
If you have symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, lightheadedness, or swelling, see your doctor to get checked for cardiovascular disease. Catching it early makes treatment more effective.
Treatment depends on the form and severity but may include medication, surgery/procedures, or lifestyle changes. The good news is many types of CVD can be prevented or managed through risk factor modification. Protect your heart health by adopting healthy lifestyle habits. Small steps make a big difference!